17 décembre 2004

Consommation ostentatoire 

Extraordinaire article du Wall Street Journal Europe de mardi dernier à propos du marché des super-yachts aux Etats-Unis. Le yacht a toujours été un bien de luxe, dont la fonction principale est d'être un marqueur du statut social du propriétaire, et ainsi de le distinguer des hoi polloi. Problème : le niveau de vie augmente, le coût de construction des yachts baisse et il semble parfois que tout le monde peut s'offrir un yacht de nos jours. Quelle horreur!

Comment faire pour néanmoins parvenir à se distinguer? Facile : construire des yachts de plus en plus grands, jusqu'au moment où ils n'ont plus rien d'un yacht et commence à ressembler à un navire de croisière privatif. Comme le précise le chapeau de l'article, un yacht respectable se doit aujourd'hui de dépasser les 60 mètres de long. Un chiffre qui commence à déconcerter ceux qui, rois des marinas hier, sont devenus aujourd'hui quasiment invisbles sur le pont de leurs coquilles de noix :
FORT LAUDERDALE, Fla. -- Don Weston used to feel special cruising the world in his 100-foot yacht. Yet on a recent morning at the International Boat Show here, the retired Cincinnati businessman stood on his upper deck, overshadowed by giants. [...]

"I used to think I had a good-sized boat," sighs Mr. Weston. "Now it's like a dinghy compared to these others. How big are they going to get?"


Car la course aux armements entre les milliardaires américains s'est emballée depuis quelques années :
In the U.S., the yacht wars started when Leslie Wexner, chairman and chief executive of Limited Brands Inc., built the 315-foot Limitless in 1997. [...]

Shortly after, Microsoft Corp. co-founder Paul Allen bought the 354-foot Le Grand Bleu, which has its own 72-foot sailboat on board. Then he commissioned Lürssen, the German builder of the world's largest yachts, to produce the 414-foot Octopus. It was planned to be the biggest yacht in the world. [...]

While Octopus was under construction, Larry Ellison, the hypercompetitive Oracle Corp. chief who's also an avid boater, was building his own superboat. It was originally slated to be 393 feet. As the building of Octopus proceeded, Mr. Ellison expanded the size of his boat. The result, a 452-foot colossus called Rising Sun, was launched this fall, making Mr. Ellison king of the heap at least temporarily. The price tag was more than $200 million, people familiar with the project say. [...]

Now, a Saudi family is building an even larger ship, according to yacht builders and brokers. The boat, called Platinum, is expected to be about 525 feet long. It's scheduled for launch next spring.
Un magazine américain spécialisé publie même chaque année le classement des 100 plus grands yachts du monde. Qu'on se rassure, pourtant : même les non-milliardaires peuvent jouer au jeu de celui qui a la plus grande (coque) :
Paolo Vitelli, Azimut-Benetti's chairman, says one of his clients ordered a yacht and saw one of his business competitors with a larger boat. "He asked us to make his one meter larger than his competitor's," Mr. Vitelli says.
Et le reste de l'article est du même tonneau. Quelque chose me dit que c'est le moment de relire Thorstein Veblen.